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Institucionalização e transformações identitárias
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho pretende compreender a perceção que as pessoas idosas institucionalizadas têm sobre elas próprias e o seu processo de envelhecimento. Procurar-se-á perceber as metamorfoses identitárias que se verificam na vida das pessoas idosas após entrada numa Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI).
A institucionalização apresenta-se como uma das respostas sociais para apoiar pessoas mais velhas, em determinado momento da sua vida. A decisão da institucionalização pode surgir por parte da própria pessoa idosa, dos seus familiares/amigos ou por parte de terceiros. Embora cada uma delas seja interpretada e vivenciada de diferentes formas - pois cada pessoa é uma pessoa e cada caso é um caso -, ambas têm algo em comum: o processo de institucionalização. Este engloba várias dimensões, uma delas é o ambiente coletivo que, na maioria das vezes, implica regras e normas diferentes daquelas que as pessoas idosas estavam habituadas na sua rotina quotidiana e na sua comunidade familiar onde foram construindo a sua identidade ao longo da sua história de vida.
O estudo dirigiu-se a 15 pessoas idosas institucionalizadas há mais de seis meses e com 65 anos ou mais, residentes numa ERPI da região centro de Portugal. A recolha de dados apresenta uma componente qualitativa para conhecer a perceção dos idosos sobre o seu processo de envelhecimento e a imagem que constroem e reconstroem de si, através de uma entrevista semiestruturada e uma componente quantitativa no que diz respeito aos instrumentos utilizados para a seleção da amostra – Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Os resultados apontam para uma visão do envelhecimento inerente às mudanças que este acarreta, imposto por perdas e ganhos. As mudanças físicas e as alterações do foro neurológico (como alterações de memória) são as principais preocupações a longo prazo.
Por outro lado, as questões familiares e socioeconómicas têm um grande peso na última etapa do ciclo da vida, traduzindo-se em questões
muito particulares. As questões sociais e religiosas acabam por ter uma menor cotação com o passar dos anos. As pessoas idosas institucionalizadas passam por diversas e diferentes alterações identitárias ao longo do processo de envelhecimento e consequente, institucionalização. As alterações da rotina diária, as imposições de regras, a perda de autonomia ou o medo da mesma são percecionadas pelas pessoas idosas em torno de um confronto entre as representações do próprio “eu” atual e do “eu” de antigamente, desencadeando assim crises identitárias.
This study aims to understand the perception that institutionalised older people have about themselves and their aging process. The aim is to understand the identity metamorphoses that occur in the lives of older people after entering a Residential Structure for Older People (ERPI). Institutionalisation is one of the social responses to support older people at a certain point in their lives. The decision to institutionalise may be taken by the older people themselves, by their relatives/friends or by third parties. Although each of them is interpreted and experienced in different ways - because each person is a person and each case is a case -, both have something in common: the institutionalisation process. This encompasses various dimensions, one of which is the collective environment which, in most cases, implies rules and norms different from those which the elderly people were used to in their daily routine and in their family community where they built their identity throughout their life history. The study addressed 15 older people institutionalised for over six months and aged 65 years or more, residing in an ERPI in the central region of Portugal. Data collection had a qualitative component to identify the perception of older people about their aging process and the image that they build and rebuild of themselves through a semi-structured interview and a quantitative component regarding the instruments used for sample selection - Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results point to a vision of ageing inherent to the changes it brings about, imposed by losses and gains. Physical changes and neurological alterations (such as memory changes) are the main long-term concerns. On the other hand, family and socio-economic issues have a great weight in the last stage of the life cycle, translating into very particular issues. Social and religious issues are less important as the years go by. Older institutionalised people go through several and different identity changes throughout the ageing process and consequent institutionalisation. The changes in the daily routine, the imposition of rules, the loss of autonomy or the fear of it are perceived by the elderly around a confrontation between representations of the current "I" and the "I" of yesteryear, thus triggering identity crises.
This study aims to understand the perception that institutionalised older people have about themselves and their aging process. The aim is to understand the identity metamorphoses that occur in the lives of older people after entering a Residential Structure for Older People (ERPI). Institutionalisation is one of the social responses to support older people at a certain point in their lives. The decision to institutionalise may be taken by the older people themselves, by their relatives/friends or by third parties. Although each of them is interpreted and experienced in different ways - because each person is a person and each case is a case -, both have something in common: the institutionalisation process. This encompasses various dimensions, one of which is the collective environment which, in most cases, implies rules and norms different from those which the elderly people were used to in their daily routine and in their family community where they built their identity throughout their life history. The study addressed 15 older people institutionalised for over six months and aged 65 years or more, residing in an ERPI in the central region of Portugal. Data collection had a qualitative component to identify the perception of older people about their aging process and the image that they build and rebuild of themselves through a semi-structured interview and a quantitative component regarding the instruments used for sample selection - Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results point to a vision of ageing inherent to the changes it brings about, imposed by losses and gains. Physical changes and neurological alterations (such as memory changes) are the main long-term concerns. On the other hand, family and socio-economic issues have a great weight in the last stage of the life cycle, translating into very particular issues. Social and religious issues are less important as the years go by. Older institutionalised people go through several and different identity changes throughout the ageing process and consequent institutionalisation. The changes in the daily routine, the imposition of rules, the loss of autonomy or the fear of it are perceived by the elderly around a confrontation between representations of the current "I" and the "I" of yesteryear, thus triggering identity crises.
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Keywords
Envelhecimento Identidades Institucionalização Pessoas idosas Idoso ageing, institutionalisation, identities and older people. Ageing Institutionalisation Older people