Miragaia, RolandoVega, Francisco Fernandez deReis, Gustavo2026-03-132026-03-132021-04-22Rolando Miragaia, Francisco Fernandez de Vega, and Gustavo Reis. 2021. Evolving a multi-classifier system with cartesian genetic programming for multi-pitch estimation of polyphonic piano music. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1145/3412841.3441927.9781450381048http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15866Conference date - March 22 - 26, 2021This paper presents a new method for multi-pitch estimation on piano recordings. We propose a framework based on a set of classifiers to analyze the audio input and identify the piano notes present on the given audio signal. Our system's classifiers were evolved using Cartesian Genetic Programming: we take advantage of Cartesian Genetic Programming to evolve a set of mathematical functions that act as independent classifiers for piano notes. Our latest improvements are also presented, including test results using F-measure metrics. Our system architecture is also described to show the feasibility of its parallelization and implementation as a real time system. The proposed approach achieved competitive results, when compared to the state of the art.engGenetic ProgrammingMulti pitch EstimationAutomatic piano music transcriptionpiano notes detectionjournal article10.1145/3412841.3441927