Paul, NinaNovais, Sara C.Silva, Cátia S. E.Mendes, SusanaKunzmann, AndreasLemos, Marco F.L.2021-08-102021-08-102021Nina Paul, Sara C. Novais, Cátia S.E. Silva, Susana Mendes, Andreas Kunzmann, Marco F.L. Lemos, Global warming overrides physiological anti-predatory mechanisms in intertidal rock pool fish Gobius paganellus, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 776, 2021, 145736, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.1457361879-1026http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/6056Acknowledgements: This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Strategic Project UID/MAR/04292/2013, project MARINE INVADERS – The impact and mechanisms of success of the invasive seaweed Asparagopsis armata on coastal environments (POCI01-0145-FEDER-031144) and BLUESHARKER – BLUE Shark as biomonitor of Atlantic waters through an integrated biomarker assessment (PTDC/BIA-CBI/29136/2017). This work was also supported by FCT and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) through project GLOBAL INVADERS - GLOBAL Impacts and treNds for VAlued aquatic species: competitive aDvantages across diffERent latitudeS. The project was also partially funded by the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “SmartBioR” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018) cofunded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. The stay abroad was financially supported by ERASMUS+. The authors further thank the anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments to improve the manuscript.In nature, a multitude of factors influences the fitness of an organismat a given time,whichmakes single stressor assessments far from ecologically relevant scenarios. This study focused on the effects of water temperature and predation stress on the metabolismand bodymass gain of a common intertidal rock pool fish, Gobius paganellus, addressing the following hypotheses: (1) the energy metabolism of G. paganellus under predation stress is reduced; (2) G. paganellus shows thermal compensation under heat stress; and (3) thermal stress is the dominant stressor that may override predation stress responses. Individuals were exposed to simulated predation stress and temperature increase from 20 °C to 29 °C, and both stressors combined. Physiological effects were addressed using biochemical biomarkers related with energy metabolism (isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, energy available, energy consumption rates), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation), and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferase). The results of this study revealed that predation stress reduced the cellular metabolism of G. paganellus, and enhanced storage of protein reserves. As hypothesized, hyperthermia decreased the aerobic mitochondrial metabolism, indicating thermal compensationmechanisms to resist against unfavourable temperatures. Hyperthermia was the dominant stressor overriding the physiological responses to predation stress. Both stressors combined might further have synergistically activated detoxification pathways, even though not strong enough to counteract lipid peroxidation and DNA damage completely. The synergistic effect of combined thermal and predation stress thus may not only increase the risk of being preyed upon, but also may indicate extra energy trade-off for the basal metabolism,which in turnmay have ecologically relevant consequences for general body functionsporBiomarkersClimate changeMultiple stressorsKairomonesDetoxificationPredator and prey interactionjournal article10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145736