Craveiro, F.Bartolo, H. M.Gale, A.Duarte, J. P.Bartolo, P. J.2025-06-132025-06-132017-05-24F. Craveiro, H.M. Bartolo, A. Gale, J.P. Duarte, P.J. Bartolo, A design tool for resource-efficient fabrication of 3d-graded structural building components using additive manufacturing, Automation in Construction, Volume 82, 2017, Pages 75-83, ISSN 0926-5805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.05.0060926-5805http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/13225The construction sector is under increasing pressure to improve its efficiency and effectiveness, reducing environmental impacts, material use and costs. A computational tool was developed to design and fabricate functionally graded building components. The material composition was defined based on voxel determination in order to design building elements with varying material stiffness. A cement-based conceptual building wall was investigated with a varied material composition, using two different lightweight aggregates, a granulated cork one and the other with expanded clay. This functionally graded material concept applied to lightweight building components will allow producing resource-efficient graded building components tailored to specific loading conditions, minimizing waste generation, emissions and resource consumption.engAdditive manufacturingBuilding automationDigital fabricationFunctionally graded materialsResource-efficient fabricationjournal article10.1016/j.autcon.2017.05.006