Reis, TiagoBarbosa, CláudiaFranco, MargaridaBaptista, CatarinaAlves, NunoCastelo-Baz, PabloMartín-Cruces, JoséMartin-Biedma, Benjamin2023-04-122023-04-122022Reis, T.; Barbosa, C.; Franco, M.; Baptista, C.; Alves, N.; Castelo-Baz, P.; Martin-Cruces, J.; Martin-Biedma, B. 3D-Printed Teeth in Endodontics: Why, How, Problems and Future—A Narrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7966. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191379661660-4601http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/8369This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and Centro2020 through the following Projects: UIDB/04044/2020, UIDP/04044/2020, LA/P/0112/2020, PAMIROTEIRO/0328/2013 (N0 022158).Three-dimensional printing offers possibilities for the development of new models in endodontics. Numerous studies have used 3D-printed teeth; however, protocols for the standardization of studies still need to be developed. Another problem with 3D-printed teeth is the different areas of literature requested to understand the processes. This review aims to gather evidence about 3Dprinted teeth on the following aspects: (1) why they are advantageous; (2) how they are manufactured; (3) problems they present; and (4) future research topics. Natural teeth are still the standard practice in ex vivo studies and pre-clinical courses, but they have several drawbacks. Printed teeth may overcome all limitations of natural teeth. Printing technology relies on 3D data and post-processing tools to form a 3D model, ultimately generating a prototype using 3D printers. The major concerns with 3D-printed teeth are the resin hardness and printing accuracy of the canal anatomy. Guidance is presented for future studies to solve the problems of 3D-printed teeth and develop well-established protocols, for the standardization of methods to be achieved. In the future, 3D-printed teeth have the possibility to become the gold standard in ex vivo studies and endodontic training.engEndodonticsPrintingThree dimensionalTooth3D-printed teethReviewjournal article10.3390/ijerph19137966